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“P” is for Palmetto Medical, Dental, and Pharmaceutical Association. Throughout the nineteenth century African American physicians in South Carolina faced hostility from the white community, received the worst patients, were barred from hospitals and clinics, and lacked access to many medications and supplies. In 1896, Dr. C.C. Johnson of Aiken and other black physicians organized the Palmetto Medical Association. The association’s goals were to improve health care for African Americans and to graduate more medically trained professionals. In the 1940s the association called for black practitioners to be hired by tax-supported institutions and for African American representation on the board of the S.C. Department of Health. The group had changed its name to the Palmetto Medical, Dental, and Pharmaceutical Association by the 1950s and spent the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s raising monies to educate talented African Americans.

“N” is for Negro Seamen Acts. While the mobility of free blacks was generally restricted before the Civil War, the Negro Seaman Acts were unique laws. During the antebellum era they proliferated along the southern coastal states. South Carolina was the first to pass such a law in the aftermath of the Denmark Vesey conspiracy. The goal of the legislation was to forestall potentially dangerous contact between nonresident free blacks and enslaved persons. By its provisions, free black sailors on board ships from outside South Carolina were incarcerated in local jails for the duration of the ship’s visit. Ship captains were responsible for paying the costs incurred. If a captain refused or left without him, the jailed black sailor could be sold as a slave. The Negro Seaman Acts contributed to rising antebellum sectional tensions.

What is so rare as a day in June? A broad-headed skink is not rare, but, it is a great sight on a day in June.

Listeners report various snake sightings...

The chuck-will's-widow (Antrostomus carolinensis) is a nocturnal bird of the nightjar family Caprimulgidae. It is found in the southeastern United States near swamps, rocky uplands, and pine woods. It migrates to the West Indies, Central America, and northwestern South America.

Unemployment rates continue to stay above pre-pandemic levels yet employers continue to complain of a shortage of qualified employees. This topic is getting more and more attention. What is going on with the labor market?Mike Switzer interviews Frank Hefner, Director Office of Economic Analysis and Professor of Economics at the College of Charleston.

“D” is for Daniels, David Carlton (b. 1966). Countertenor.

“F” is for femme sole traders. Feme sole traders (married women engaged in trade) held a unique status in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century South Carolina. The laws and customs of the times prevented married women from undertaking commercial dealings without consent of their husbands. An important exception to this state of affairs, however, was the granting of sole trading status. As a femme sole trader, a married woman became “as if sole” or unmarried in the eyes of the law for her economic status. Because the activities of a femme sole trader could deprive a husband of services that marriage entitled him to, his consent was required, as was his agreement not to meddle in her business ventures. Statutes regarding femme sole trading in South Carolina first appeared in 1712—and were subsequently amended in 1734 and 1744.

“L” is for Lancaster County

“M” is for Malaria