With the entire state expected to see freezing temperatures on Tuesday, it’s time to start preparing for the coldest stretch of weather since last winter.
Forecast models suggest lows could dip into the mid-20s across the Upstate, with the Midlands hovering in the upper 20s. Even coastal areas could flirt with freezing temperatures before the cold air retreats.
A simple way to remember key cold-weather precautions is through the “7 Ps”: people, pets, plants, pipes, pools, protecting vehicles and practicing fire safety.
1) People
When temperatures tumble, people - especially those who are young, elderly or homeless - are at the greatest risk.
Hypothermia can develop quickly when the air is cold or if exposed to water.
Wearing several loose layers is one of the best defenses against the cold.
The American Red Cross says lightweight garments, instead of a single bulky sweater, can help trap warm air between layers.
Accessories such as hats, scarves and gloves are also recommended, as a significant amount of body heat escapes through the head and extremities.
For those without protection, cold-weather shelters typically open when temperatures fall to around 35-40 degrees or below.
To find the location of warming centers, visit SC211.org, call 211 on any mobile phone or text HELP to 211-211.
2) Pets
Cold weather can affect cats, dogs and other animals just as much as humans.
The American Veterinary Medical Association says that even though animals have fur, many are still susceptible to frostbite and hypothermia.
Instead of being left to endure below-freezing temperatures, pets should be brought indoors or provided with a warm, dry shelter.
During periods of wintry precipitation, some communities apply salt or chemical deicers to roads and sidewalks, which can irritate pets’ paws.
Experts suggest that after walks, owners should wash or wipe their pets’ paws to reduce the risk of irritation or ingestion.
3) Plants
Vegetation that flowers, is tropical or has been newly planted can be highly susceptible to frosty conditions or freezing temperatures.
According to horticulture specialists, watering the soil well before a freeze sets in can help it retain warmth.
One of the most effective ways to protect plants is by placing a covering over them to help insulate against the cold. This prevents ice crystals from forming on leaves and other sensitive parts of the plant.
If possible, potted plants should be moved indoors where they can benefit from warmth and protection.
National Weather Service offices issue Frost Advisories and Freeze Warnings specifically for agricultural communities.
Once a widespread freeze event occurs, the NWS stops issuing frost and freeze alerts for the winter season. The agency says this is because the growing season is considered to be over.
4) Pipes
Frozen pipes are among the most common causes of household damage during the winter.
While water freezes at 32 degrees, it usually takes a prolonged cold spell for pipes to be affected due to the warmth of the ground and nearby structures.
When air temperatures drop to around 20 degrees, pipes can freeze in just a few hours if not protected.
Experts suggest disconnecting hoses from outdoor spigots and insulating exposed pipes.
In older homes with crawl spaces or uninsulated pipes, it’s also recommended to let an indoor faucet drip overnight when temperatures are expected to stay below 28 degrees for several hours.
5) Pools
While it may no longer be swimming season, forgetting about your pool's maintenance can lead to costly repairs.
Experts at Poolwerx, one of the largest pool and hot tub providers, suggest that if there is water in the pool, you should run the pump while the temperature is below freezing.
Many pools have a freeze protection device that automatically activates when temperatures drop into the mid-30s.
Specialists also recommend checking that skimmers and drains are working properly and that regular maintenance is upheld.
Moving water is less likely to freeze because circulation prevents the molecules from settling into a solid state.
6) Protecting Vehicles
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration warns that cold weather can take a toll on vehicles.
Batteries can lose strength, and the range of electric and hybrid-electric vehicles can be reduced.
Low temperatures also cause tire pressure to decrease, leading to uneven wear.
The NHTSA suggests that you inspect tires at least once a month for proper pressure and replace tires that are six years old or older.
Officials also note that oil, transmission fluid and windshield washer fluid can thicken in freezing weather, making it harder for vehicles to operate efficiently.
7) Practice Fire Safety
The American Red Cross says winter is the peak season for home fires, with space heaters and fireplaces often being the cause.
“If you must use a space heater, place it on a level, hard, and nonflammable surface such as a ceramic tile floor. Don’t place it on rugs or carpets, or near bedding and drapes. And keep children and pets away from the heater,” the organization advises.
At a minimum, heaters should be at least three feet away from flammable items such as curtains, bedding or furniture.
If using a chimney, it should be cleaned annually to prevent soot buildup and reduce the risk of fires.
Some fire stations offer free smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors, which can alert residents to the first signs of danger.